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Flowchart In Programming

Flowchart is a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm. Flowchart are very helpful in writing program and explaining program to others.

Symbols Used In Flowchart

Different symbols are used for different states in flowchart, For example: Input/Output and decision making has different symbols. The table below describes all the symbols that are used in making flowchart

Symbol	Purpose	Description
	Flow line	Used to indicate the flow of logic by connecting symbols.
	Terminal(Stop/Start)	Used to represent start and end of flowchart.
	Input/Output	Used for input and output operation.
	Processing	Used for airthmetic operations and data-manipulations.
	Desicion	Used to represent the operation in which there are two alternatives, true and false.
	On-page Connector	Used to join different flowline
	Off-page Connector	Used to connect flowchart portion on different page.
	Predefined Process/Function	Used to represent a group of statements performing one processing task.

Examples of flowcharts in programming

Draw a flowchart to add two numbers entered by user.

Draw flowchart to find the largest among three different numbers entered by user.

Draw a flowchart to find all the roots of a quadratic equation ax²+bx+c=0

Draw a flowchart to find the Fibonacci series till term≤1000.

Though, flowchart are useful in efficient coding, debugging and analysis of a program, drawing flowchart in very complicated in case of complex programs and often ignored.

 

Q  Finding Prime Numbers Flow Chart - RFFlow

A Flow Chart for Finding Prime Numbers

Description	Prime numbers are positive integers that can only be divided evenly by 1 or themselves. By definition, negative integers, 0, and 1 are not considered prime numbers. The list of the first few prime numbers looks like: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, ... For example, 5 is a prime number because you can divide 5 by 1 evenly and divide 5 by 5 without a remainder, but if you divide 5 by any other integer, you get a remainder. 5/1 = 5 5/2 = 2 plus a remainder 5/3 = 1 plus a remainder 5/4 = 1 plus a remainder 5/5 = 1 5/6 = 0 plus a remainder ...   = 0 plus a remainder Now look at the number 4 which is not a prime. 4/1 = 4 4/2 = 2 4/3 = 1 plus a remainder 4/4 = 1 4/5 = 0 plus a remainder ...  = 0 plus a remainder The number 4 can be divided by 2 evenly, so it is not a prime. The flowchart shown above describes a function that is given a number i and returns whether it is prime or not. The name of the function is "IsThisNumberPrime."  First it checks to make sure the input number is an integer. Then it checks to make sure the input number is not negative, 0 , or 1. Negative integers, 0, and 1 are not considered prime by definition. Next the function tries to divide the input number by i, where i = 2, 3, 4, 5, and so forth, to see if it divides any of them evenly, that is, without a remainder. If the input number is divided evenly, it is not a prime. The check stops when i is equal to the input number. You give the function a number and the output is "Yes" if the number is prime, or "No" if it is not. Now suppose you want to calculate the first 100 prime numbers. A flowchart to show that process is shown below. The flowchart above starts with the number 2 and checks each number 3, 4, 5, and so forth. Each time it finds a prime it prints the number and increments a counter. When the counter hits 100, it stops the process. To determine whether a number is prime, it calls the function "IsThisNumberPrime" which is shown at the top of this page. The first few primes are quickly calculated, but as the primes get further apart the computation time increases. Finding large primes is a task for super computers.
Drawing Instructions	If you haven't already done so, first download the free trial version of RFFlow. It will allow you to open any chart and make modifications. Once RFFlow is installed, you can open the above charts in RFFlow.  Click on prime-numbers.flo for the top flow chart or finding-prime-numbers.flo for the bottom flow chart. From there you can zoom in, edit, and print these sample charts. It is often easier to modify an existing chart than to draw it from scratch. To draw this flow chart without downloading it, run RFFlow, click on the More Shapes button , scroll and open the Flowcharting folder, click the Physical Flowcharting stencil and click the Add Stencil button.

 

if else statement and flowchart

Decision Control Statements and Flowchart

The if Statement
It is used to execute an instruction or sequence/block of instruction only if a condition is fulfilled.
Difference forms of implements if-statement are:

• Simple if statement
• if-else statement
• Nested if-else statement
• else if statement

Figure: Simple if statement syntax and flowchart

Figure: if-else statement syntax and flowchart

Nested if-else statement

In nested if...else statement, an entire if...else construct is written within either the body of the if statement or the body of  an else statement.

The syntax is as follows:

if(condition_1)

{

 if(condition_2)

 {

   block statement_1;

 }

 else

 {

   block statement_2;

 }

}

else

{

  block statement_3;

}

block statement_4;

Figure: nested if-else statement flowchart

Else if statement

It is used in multi-way decision on several conditions. This works by cascading comparisons. As soon as one of the conditions is true, the statement or block of statements following them is executed and no further comparison are performed.

The else...if syntax is as follows:

if(condition_1)

  block statement_1;

else if(condition_2)

  block statement_2;

else if(condition_n)

  block statement_n;

else

  default statement;

Figure: flowchart for else...if statement

Flowchart for finding Armstrong number

Q. Write down the program for finding Armstrong number and also draw flowchart.

Ans.

for Armstrong number C program source code click below link:
Finding Armstrong number C program

Flowchart for finding Armstrong number C program:

Figure: Flowchart for finding number is 
Armstrong or not C program

Factorial C program,Algorithm,Flowchart

Q. Write a C program to find the factorial value of a number. Also write the algorithm and draw flowchart.

Ans.

/*c program to find out factorial value of a number*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
 int n,i,fact=1;
 printf("Enter any number : ");
 scanf("%d", &n);
 for(i=1; i<=n; i++)
    fact = fact * i;
 printf("Factorial value of %d = %d",n,fact);
 return 0;
}

The output of above program would be:



Algorithm for calculate factorial value of a number:

[algorithm to calculate the factorial of a number]
step 1. Start
step 2. Read the number n
step 3. [Initialize]
        i=1, fact=1
step 4. Repeat step 4 through 6 until i=n
step 5. fact=fact*i
step 6. i=i+1
step 7. Print fact
step 8. Stop
[process finish of calculate the factorial value of a number]

Flowchart for calculate factorial value of a number:

Figure: Flowchart for calculate factorial value of
a number C program

Flowchart for prime number

Q. Draw the flowchart diagram for check a number is prime number or not.

Ans.

Flowchart for check a number is prime or not as following:

Figure: Flowchart for check given number is
prime number or not